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A |
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Aiki |
A form of self-defence, based on special principles (lit. harmony of
spirit) |
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Aikido |
The 'way' of Aiki |
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Aite |
Opponent, partner |
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Arashi |
Storm (Yama-Arashi = Mountain Storm) |
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Ashi |
Leg
or Foot |
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Ashi-Guruma |
Leg Wheel |
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Ashi-Waza |
Leg
or Foot Technique |
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Ate |
Strike, hit |
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Atemi-Waza |
Hitting or Punching Technique |
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Ayumi Ashi |
A manner of walking in which each foot leads the other successively |
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B |
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Budo |
Military Arts / Concepts |
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Bujitsu |
Martial Arts (all inclusive) |
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Bushi |
A knight of feudal Japan (a social class) |
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Bushido |
The moral ethical code of the Bushi, formulated originally 14th Century |
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Butsukari |
See Uchikomi |
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C |
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Chitsai |
Small |
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Chikara |
Strength |
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Chui |
Caution
(Penalty; equivalent of 5 points) |
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D |
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Dan |
Black
Belt Standard (1st - 12th) |
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De (v. Deru) |
To come out, to advance (De-Ashi-Harai) |
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De-Ashi--Harai |
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Do |
a)
Way, path, etc. This word was used frequently in Chinese and Japanese
philosophy in the sense of the way of doing an act in the moral and
ethical spheres well as the simple physical. Jigoro Kano 'borrowed' it
from these sources.
b)
Trunk of the body. |
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Dojo |
Room
/ Hall in which Judo is practiced |
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E |
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Eri |
Jacket
Collar |
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F |
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Fusegikata |
Method, form, of defending |
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Fusegu |
To
defend |
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G |
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Gaeshi |
Counter |
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Gake (v. Kakeru) |
To
hang, hook or block |
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Garami (v. Garamu) |
To entangle, wrap, bend |
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Gari |
Sweep, Reap |
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Genki |
Energetic, lively, active |
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Gokyo |
Judo Syllabus |
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Gonokata |
Forms of Strength |
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Goshinkitsu |
The art of self-defence (in all it's forms) |
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Gyaku |
Reverse,
upside down |
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H |
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Ha |
Wing |
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Hadaka |
Naked (Hadaka-Jime = Naked Strangle) |
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Hajime |
Start, referee's call to commence a contest |
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Hane |
Spring (Hane-Goshi = Spring Hip) |
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Hansoku |
Disqualification (Penalty; equivalent of 10 points) |
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Hara |
Stomach |
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Harai (Barai) (v. Haru) |
Sweep, Reap |
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Harai-Goshi |
Sweeping Hip |
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Hidari |
Left |
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Hiji |
Elbow |
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Hiki (v. Hiku) |
Pull |
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Hishige (v. Hishigu) |
To crush, squash, smash |
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Hiza |
Knee |
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Hon |
a) Point (see Ippon);
ultimate score awarded in a contest.
b)
Standard. Basic.
c) Number suffix for counting long cylindrical objects, therefore
Ippon Seoi-nage = One Arm Shoulder Throw. |
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I |
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Ippon |
Perfect
Throw (10 Points) |
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Ippon-Seoi-Nage |
One Arm Shoulder Throw |
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Ippon Sogo Gachi |
Compound win by Ippon made up of a score of Waza-Ari
added to the benefit of a Keikoku penalty. |
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J |
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Ji |
A Japanese Ideograph |
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Jigotai |
Defensive Posture |
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Jikan |
Time Out |
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Jita Kyoyei |
The principle that individual advancement benefits society as a whole |
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Jitsu (Jiutsu or Jutsu) |
Art |
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Joseki |
Place in the Dojo where Seniors or VIP's sit |
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Ju |
a) Soft, gentle. This word is a word taken from Taoist philosophy and
embodies the opposite of hard, extreme, unreasonable. Hence the
use of ju in Judo does not imply soft (as a synonym of easy), but rather
reasonable, efficient. Physical action in judo is not meant to be easy
(weak) so much as economic, by using the body to its best advantage and
taking active advantage of any and all weaknesses the opponent may
offer, so that maximum effect can be attained with maximum efficiency.
b) Ten. |
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Judo |
A form of wrestling in which clothes are worn by the contestants. The
clothes and belt (encircling the waist twice) allow for greater range of
technique. The depth of judo in the use of Tachiwazw
(techniques done in the standing position) and Newaza (techniques
done in the groundwork positions) require skill plus physical and metal
fitness being increasingly raised to an extremely high standard.
In promotion examinations (grading contests) no allowance is conceded to
size or weight; success depends solely on the individual's attributes.
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Judogi |
The clothes worn when practising of competing at judo |
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Judoka |
A person who practise judo. |
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Ju-Jitsu (Jiujitsu) |
A name covering all forms of fighting, without weapons, with very
drastic methods |
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Junokata |
The forms of 'Gentleness'. Showing the principles of 'Giving Way'. |
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Jushin |
Centre of Gravity |
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K |
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Kaeshi (Gaeshi) |
To Counter (O-Soto-Gaeshi = Major Outer-Counter) |
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Kaeshiwaza |
Counter techniques |
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Kake |
The
point of throw, the point of maximum power. |
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Kai (Kwai) |
Society, club |
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Katu (Gatu) |
An Angle |
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Kami |
a) Upper, top.
b) Paper.
c) God(s). |
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Kamiza |
'Upper Seat', the instructor's side of the Dojo |
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Kansetsu |
A Joint, articulation |
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Kansetsuwaza |
Technique of locking limbs |
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Kao |
Face |
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Karate |
(Literally empty handed) a system of fighting without weapons, striking
with the hand, feet, elbows, etc. |
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Karui |
Light |
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Kata |
a) Form. A stylized set of techniques used to develop the performer's
posture, balance and appreciation of the various judo techniques.
b) One side.
c) Shoulder (Kata-Guruma = Shoulder Wheel). |
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Katai |
Hard |
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Katame (Gatame)
(v. Katemeru) |
To harden, tighten, hold (Kata-Gatame = Shoulder Hold) |
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Katsu (or Kappa) |
Methods of resuscitation. |
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Katame |
Grappling |
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Katame-Waza |
Grappling Techniques |
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Keiko |
Practice |
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Keikoku |
Warning (penalty; equivalent of 7 points) |
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Kempo |
A method of fighting, similar to boxing |
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Ken |
Sword |
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Kendo |
The 'way' of the sword (Japanese two hand fencing) |
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Kendogu |
General equipment for practising Kendo |
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Keru |
To Kick |
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Kesa |
A Buddhist monk's surplice, worn diagonally across the body. Thus
there is the technique known as Kesa-Gatame but which in free
translation into English is referred to as scarf hold. |
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Ki |
Psychic energy said to be centred in the Saikatanden |
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Kiai |
A shout used to harden the body and strengthen the will when maximum
effort is required |
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Kime (v. Kakeru) |
To decide |
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Kimenokata |
Forms of decision, which is the Kata of self-protection |
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Kiri (v. Kiru) |
Cut, as with knife |
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Ko |
(a) small, minor (e.g. Ko-Uchi-Gari = minor inner reaping).
(b) Old ancient.
(c) Lecture, study, think. |
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Kodokan |
Headquarters of Judo in Japan, (Toyko) |
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Koka |
A score, almost Yuko (value of score; 3 points) |
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Koshi (Goshi) |
Hips (Koshi-Waza = hip techniques) |
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Koshinikokata |
The forms of the old style. All techniques are supposed to be
performed in armour. |
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Kubi |
Neck |
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Kumikata |
Method of holding the Judogi |
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Kuruma (Guruma) |
(a) Wheel (O-Guruma = major wheel).
(b) Vehicle. |
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Kuzure (v. Kuzureru) |
To crumble, collapse, break-down. Thus a free translation of Kuzure-Kesa-Gatame would be broken
scarf hold. |
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Kuzushi |
The balance broken |
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Kyu |
A Judo 'student' grade |
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L |
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M |
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Ma |
Exact, just, absolutely |
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Machi-Dojo |
Back-street Gymnasium |
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Mae (Mai) |
Front |
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Makikomi |
To wrap or roll up, to throw by rolling oneself so that the opponent is
whipped of their feet |
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Manaka |
Centre |
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Masutemiwaza |
Technique whereby the performer (Tori) falls straight on their back |
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Mata |
The inside top of the thigh |
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Matte |
Wait, break |
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Mawari (v. Mawaru) |
To turn around |
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Meijin |
Expert, Master |
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Mi |
Body (human) |
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Migi |
Right (as opposed to left) |
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Mizu |
Water |
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Momo |
Thigh |
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Mon |
Gate, Junior Grade |
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Morote |
Both hands, two hands (Morote Seoi-Nage = both hands
shoulder throw) |
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Mune |
Chest |
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N |
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Nage (v. Nageru) |
To Throw |
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Nage-Waza |
Throwing Technique |
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Nage-No-Kata |
The forms of throwing. 15 selected throws executed both left & right to
train the participants in body control and appreciation of judo
techniques |
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Name |
Wave (of water) |
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Nami (v. Naruberu) |
To place in a line, range in a row |
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Ne |
To lie down |
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Newaza |
Technique performed in a lying down position |
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O |
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O |
Major,
big, large (Ouchi-Gari = Major Inner Reaping) |
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Obi |
Belt |
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O-Goshi |
Major Hip Throw |
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Oki |
Big |
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Okuri (v. Okuru) |
To send forward (O-Kurieri-Jime = sliding lapel neck-lock) |
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Osaekmoi |
Holding (Osaekomi-Waza = Holding Technique(s)); referee's call
signalling to the timekeeper that a hold is effective. |
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Oshi (v. Osu) |
To push |
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Otoshi (v. Otosu) |
To drop (Tai-otoshi = Body Drop) |
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Owari |
The end |
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P |
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Q |
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R |
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Randori |
Free Practice |
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Rei |
Bow |
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Renraku |
Connection, contact |
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Renrakuwaza |
Combination technique |
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Renshu |
To Practice |
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Renzokuwaza |
Comprehensive name for throws linked up in anyway |
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Ritsurei |
Standing Bow |
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Ronin |
An un-retained Samurai Warrior |
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Ryote |
Two Hands |
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Ryu |
School. Attached to most of the names of the old Jiujitsu systems (Kito
Ryu) |
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S |
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Saikatanden |
The lower abdomen |
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Samurai |
A knight of feudal Japan (a social class). (see Bushi) |
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Sasai |
To support prop (Sasai-Tsuri-Komi-Ashi = Propping Drawing Ankle) |
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Sasae-Tsuri-Komi-Ashi |
Propping Drawing Ankle |
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Sei Ryoku Senyo |
The principle of maximum efficiency in the use of mind and body |
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Senaka |
The back (of the body) |
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Sensei |
Teacher, senior |
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Senshu |
A competitor, champion |
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Seoi (v. Seou) |
To carry on the back (Seoi-Nage) |
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Seppuku |
The Bushi method of committing suicide. Normally erroneously
called 'Hara-kiri' |
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Shiai |
Contest |
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Shiajio |
Contest Area |
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Shido |
Note (Penalty; equivalent to 3 points) |
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Shihan |
Master, past-master, founder |
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Shiho |
Four quarters, four directions |
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Shiki |
Style, ceremony |
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Shime (Jime (v. Shimeru) |
To tighten, strangle |
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Shimewaza |
Technique of neck-locking |
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Shimoza |
'Lower Seat'; the ordinary members' side of the Dojo |
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Shisei |
Posture |
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Shita |
Below, underneath |
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Shizen |
Nature |
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Shizentai |
Natural (upright) posture |
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Sode |
Sleeve |
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Sono-mama |
Freeze, do not move |
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Sore-made |
Referee's command; That is all. Finish |
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Soto |
Outside, outer (O-Soto-Gari = Major Outer Reap) |
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Sukui (v. Sukuku) |
To Scoop up |
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Sumi |
Corner |
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Sutemi (v. Suteru) |
To throw away |
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Sutemiwaza |
Technique whereby the attacker throws away his own body, sacrifices his
own posture. |
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T |
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Tachi (v. Tatsu) |
To stand |
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Tachiwaza |
Technique done in the standing position |
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Tai |
Body |
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Tai Sabaki |
Body Movement |
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Tasiso |
Physical exercise |
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Tani |
Valley (Tani-Otoshi = Valley Drop) |
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Tatami |
Rice straw mats used in Dojo's and Japanese houses |
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Tate |
Vertical |
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Te |
Hand (Te-Wawa = Hand Techniques) |
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Te-Waza |
Hand Techniques |
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Tekubi |
Wrist |
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Toketa |
Hold Broken, a command given by a referee to indicate to the timekeeper,
the contestants and the onlookers generally that a contestant has
effectively broken the hold by which was being secured |
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Tokui |
Favourite, special (Tokui-Waza = Favourite technique |
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Tokui Waza |
Favourite Technique |
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Tomoe |
Turing over, twisting over, whirling over. It is difficult to find
the exact translation in English but Tomoe-Nage freely translated
is commonly known in English as Stomach Throw |
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Tori (v. Toru) |
a) The name used often in technical explanation for the person
who throws.
b) To grasp, to hold in the hands. |
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Tsugi Ashi |
A manner of walking in which one foot leads at each step and the other
never passes it. |
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Tsukuri |
The action of breaking the opponent's balance |
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Tsuri |
To 'fish up' (Tsuri-Komi = to 'fish', lift up and pull forward) |
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Tsutoi |
Strong |
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U |
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Uchikomi (v. Utsu) |
A
repetitive exercise where the throwing technique is taken to point of
kake. |
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Ude |
Arm |
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Ue |
Above, on top of |
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Uke (v. Ukeru) |
To take. The name used often in technical explanations for the
person who is thrown |
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Ukemi |
The 'break-fall' |
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Ukemi-Waza |
Break-falling Techniques |
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Uki |
To The float, Buoyant |
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Ura |
Back, rear, reverse |
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Ushiro |
Behind, back of (Ushiro-Goshi = Back of Hip) |
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Utsuri (v. Utsuru) |
To change, move (Utsuri-Goshi = Changing Hip) |
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V |
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W |
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Wakare (v. Wakaru) |
To divide, separate (Yoko-Wakare = Side Separation) |
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Waza |
Technique |
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Waza-ari |
A score, almost an Ippon (score value of 7 points) |
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Wara-Ari Awasete Ippon |
Ippon Achieve by having scored two Waza-Aris |
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X |
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Y |
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Yama |
Mountain |
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Yoko |
Side (Yoko-Sutemi-Waza = A sacrifice throw with the attacker
falling onto his side in order to execute the technique |
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Yoshi |
Carry on. A referee's instruction to contestant to carry on with
the contest |
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Yowai |
Weak |
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Yubi |
Finger or Toe |
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Yuko |
A Score, almost Waza-Ari (score value of 5 points) |
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Yuseigachi |
A win by superiority |
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Z |
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Zarei |
Kneeling
bow |
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Zazen |
Sitting
meditation |
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Zori |
Toe
grip straw sandals |
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